English Suffixes OF NOUNS

(1) Denoting agent or doer

-- er (-ar, -or, -yer); painter, baker, beggar, sailor, lawyer.

-- ster ; spinster, punster, songster.

-- ter (-ther) ; daughter, father.

(2) Denoting state, action, condition, being, etc.

-- dom ; freedom, martyrdom, wisdom.

-- hood (-head); manhood, childhood, godhead.

-- lock (-ledge); wedlock, knowledge.

-- ness ; darkness, boldness, goodness, sweetness.

-- red ; kindred, hatred.

-- ship ; hardship, friendship, lordship.

-- th : health, stealth, arnwth.

(3) Forming Diminutives.

-- el (-le) ; satchel, kernel, girdle, handle.

-- en ; maiden, kitten, chicken.

-- ie ; dearie, birdie, lassie.

-- kin ; lambkin, napkin.

-- let; leaflet.

-- ling ; duckling, darling, stripling, weakling.

-- ock ; hillock, bullock.