SECONDARY DERIVATIVES

239. (Ill) SECONDARY DERIVATIVES

English Prefixes

A-, on, in; abed, aboard, ashore, ajar, asleep.

A-, out, from, arise, awake, alight.

Be-, by (sometimes intensive); beside, betimes, besmear, bedaub.

For-, thoroughly ; forbear, forgive.

Fore-, before ; forecast, foretell.

Gain-, against; gainsay.

In-, in ; income, inland, inlay.

Mis-, wrong, wrongly ; misdeed, mislead, misjudge.

Over-, above, beyond ; overflow, overcharge.

To-, this; to-day, to-night, to-morrow.

Un-, not; untrue, unkind, unholy.

Un-, to reverse an action ; untie, undo, unfold.

Under-, beneath, below ; undersell, undercharge, undergo, under ground.

With-, against, back ; withdraw, withhold, withstand.

Note:- There are only two prefixes of English origin that are still applied freely to new

words, mis and un, the former with the force of the adjective bad and the latter with the

force of a negative.

Latin Prefixes

Ab, (a, abs), from, away ; abuse, avert, abstract.

Ad (ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at, a), to; adjoin, accord, affect, aggrieve, allege,

announce, appoint, arrest, assign, attach, avail

Ambi (amb, am), on both sides, around; ambiguous, ambition, amputate.

Ante (anti, an), before; antedate, anticipate, ancestor.

Bene, well; benediction, benefit.

Bis, (bi, bin), twice, two; biscuit, bisect, binocular.

Circum (circu), around ; circumnavigate, circumference, circuit.

Con (col, com, cor) with, together; contend, collect, combine, correct.

Contra (counter), against; contradict, counteract, counterfeit.

De, down; descend, dethrone, depose.

Dis, (dif, di), apart; disjoin, differ, divide.

Demi, half ; demigod.

Ex (ef, e), out of; extract, effect, educe.

Extra, beyond, outside, of; extraordinary, extravagant.

In (il, im, ir, en, em), in, into; invade, illustrate, immerse, irrigate, enact, embrace.

In (il, im, ir), not; insecure, illegal, imprudent, irregular.

Inter (intro, enter), among, within; intervene, introduce, entertain.

Male (mal), ill, badly ; malevolent, malcontent.

Non, not; nonsense.

Ob (oc, of), the way of, against; object, occupy, offend.

Pen, almost; penultimate, peninsula.

Per (pel), through ; pervade, pellucid.

Post, after ; postscript, postdate, postpone.

Pre, before ; prefix, prevent, predict.

Preter, beyond ; preternatural.

Pro (por, pur), for; pronoun, portray, pursue.

Re, back, again ; reclaim, refund, renew, return.

Retro, backwards ; retrospect, retrograde.

Se (sed) ; apart; secede, separate, seduce, sedition.

Semi, half; semicircle, semicolon.

Sine, without; sinecure.

Sub (sue, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus), under; subdue, succeed, suffer, suggest, summon,

support, surmount, sustain.

Subter, beneath ; subterfuge.

Super, above ; superfine, superfluous.

Trans, (tra, tres), across ; transmit, traverse, trespass.

Vice, in the place of; viceroy, vice-president.