4. Conversion of Complex
sentences to Simple sentences
82. Study
the following examples:-
Noun Clause
Complex.
-- He said that he was innocent.
Simple. --
He declared his innocence.
Complex.
-- That you are drunk aggravates your offence.
Simple. --
Your drunkenness aggravates your offence.
Complex.
-- Tell me where you live
Simple. --
Tell me your address.
Complex. -
It is a pity that we should have to undergo this disgrace.
Simple. --
Our having to undergo this disgrace is a pity.
Complex.
-- It is proclaimed that all men found with arms will be shot.
Simple. --
According to the proclamation all men found with arms will be shot
Complex.
-- He remarked how impudent the boy was.
Simple. --
He remarked on the boy's impudence,
Complex.
-- How long I shall stay is doubtful.
Simple. --
The duration of my stay is doubtful.
Complex.
-- Except that he hurt his hand, he was lucky.
Simple. --
Except for the hurt to his hand, he was lucky.
Exercise
79.
Convert
each of the following Complex sentence to a Simple sentence:-
1. We
believe that he is innocent.
2. It was
much regretted that he was absent.
3. The
consequence of his carelessness was that the game was lost.
4. He
asked why I came.
5. He
ordered that the traitor should be executed.
6. It is
to be hoped that he escaped unhurt.
7. I do
not know when I shall return.
8. We hope
that better times will come.
9. The
news that the enemy landed spread like wild fire.
10. That I
was successful does not make me happy.
11. He
ordered the police that they should imprison the rioters.
12. That
you should be willing to believe this is incredible.
13.
Whoever is prudent is, respected.
14. It is
reported that our troops have won a victory.
15. All
believed that he was guilty of murder.
16. Tell
me what you mean by this.
83.
Study the following examples:-
Adjective Clause
Complex.
-- He died in the village where he was horn.
Simple. --
He died in his native village.
Complex.
-- The moment which is lost is lost for ever.
Simple. --
A lost moment is lost for ever.
Complex.
-- Men who have risen by their own exertions are always respected.
Simple. --
Self-made men are always respected.
Complex.
-- They that are whole have no need of the physician.
Simple. --
Healthy persons have no need of the physician.
Complex.
-- We came upon a hut where a peasant lived.
Simple. --
We came upon a peasant's hut.
Complex.
-- Youth is the time when the seeds of character are sown.
Simple. --
Youth is the time for the formation of character.
Complex.
-- The exact time when this occurred has not been ascertained.
Simple. --
The exact time of the occurrence has not been ascertained.
Complex.
-- The son who was his chief pride in his old age is dead.
Simple. --
His son, the pride of his old age, is dead.
Complex.
-- The place where Buddha was cremated has recently been discovered.
Simple. --
The place of Buddha's cremation has recently been discovered.
Complex.
-- I have no advice that I can offer you.
Simple.
-- I have no advice to offer you.
Exercise
80.
Convert
each of the following Complex sentences to a Simple sentence:-
1. He sold
the horse which belonged to his brother.
2. As I
was unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money.
3. I have
no horse that I can lend you.
4. The
marks that were left by the whip were still visible.
5. This is
the place where we camp.
6. The
heart that is full of grief is heavy.
7. The
reply which you have made is foolish.
8. The
evil that men do lives after them.
9. Do you
not remember him who was formerly your friend?
10. This
is the needle with which she knits.
11. Have
you nothing that you wish to say?
12. He
prospered by the help he got from his friends.
13. They
were advised by a clever lawyer who was a High Court pleader.
14. He is
weak from the illness which he had recently.
15. A man
who is dead needs no riches.
16. I have
seen the house which belongs to Rama.
17. He was
the most learned of the judges who lived at that time.
18. He
died in the village where he was born.
19. The
horse which is an Arab of pure blood, is very swift.
20. The
smell which comes from this drain, is very bad.
21. Can he
get no work that he can do?
22. Is
there no place which is kept for bathing here?
23. The
birds have no water that they can drink.
24. He
shot a tiger which was the scourge of the district.
25. That
is the book that belongs to me.
26. I saw
a man who was blind.
27. This
is the bottle which is used for water.
28. The
chief thing that Wycliffe and his friends achieved was the translation of the
Bible
into
English.
29. I
found the book which I had lost.
30. The
boy who stood first got the prize.
31. A city
that is set on a hill cannot be hid.
32. People
who live in glass houses must not throw stones.
33. The
services he has rendered to the state cannot be over-estimated.
34. The
place where they live is very unhealthy.
35. This
idea on which he based his philosophy, is very difficult to comprehend.
36. I have
no time that I can waste on idle talk.
37. A
person who relies on his own efforts has the best chance to win success.
38. Here
is a barrier that cannot be passed.
39. A
person who has risen by his own exertions is always respected.
40. A boy
who had been notoriously idle was awarded a prize.
41. Such
men as you cannot be easily, disheartened.
42. A man
who is industrious is sure to succeed.
43. He
told us the time when he expected to arrive.
84.
Study the following examples:-
Adverb Clause
Complex.
-- The Captain was annoyed that he had not carried out his orders.
Simple. --
The Captain was annoyed at his not having carried out his orders.
Complex.
-- You can talk as much as you like.
Simple. --
You can talk to your heart's content.
Complex.
-- Everything comes if a man will only work and wait
Simple. --
Everything conies to a diligent and patient man.
Complex.
-- 1 am pushing my business wherever I can find an opening.
Simple. --
I am pushing my business in every possible direction-
Complex.
-- He will not pay unless he is compelled.
Simple. --
He will pay only under compulsion.
Complex.
-- You have succeeded better than you hoped.
Simple. --
You have succeeded beyond your hopes.
Complex.
-- When the cat is away the mice will play.
Simple. --
In the absence of the cat the mice will play.
Complex.
-- He does not always speak as he thinks.
Simple. --
He does not always speak his thoughts.
Complex.
-- A good boy will always do as he is commanded by his superiors.
Simple. --
A good boy will always carry out (or execute) the commands of his superiors.
Complex.
-- I was surprised when I heard him talk so.
Simple. --
I was surprised to hear him talk so.
Complex.
-- He was so tired that he could not stand.
Simple. --
He was too tired to stand.
Complex.
-- If I make a promise I keep it.
Simple. --
I make a promise only to keep it.
Complex.
-- As the war was ended, the soldiers returned.
Simple. --
The war being ended, the soldiers returned.
Complex.
-- While there is life there is hope
Simple. --
Life and hope are inseparable.
Complex.
-- As. you sow, so you will reap.
Simple.
-- You will but reap the fruits of your sowing.
Exercise
81.
Convert
the following Complex sentences into Simple sentences:-
1. As you
are here you may as well see it.
2. He was
angry when he heard the result.
3. Does he
know the consequences if he refuses?
4. He
cannot go unless I consent.
5. You
cannot always talk sense if you are always talking.
6. You
never come here but you steal something.
7. The boy
ran as fast as he could.
8. As it
was beginning to rain we waited a while.
9.
Although he has failed twice he will try again.
10. He
made such good speed that he was in time.
11.
Because he was ill he stayed at home.
12. As he
felt cold he lit a fire.
13. Since
I am unable to get much, I accept little.
14. He
will pay you when he hears from me.
15. He was
so tired that he could not sleep.
16. They
rejoice that they are going.
17. I
congratulated him because he had passed.
18. He can
afford to be generous because he is rich.
19. As the
hour had arrived they started.
20. Since
I believed his word I did not ask for proof.
21. The
dog jumped up when he saw the cat.
22. The
horse is so old that it cannot work.
23. The tiger
is renowned through all the countryside because he is so cunning and ferocious.
24. He was
very angry when he had to pay again.
25. The
longer we wait here, the darker it will become.
26. He is
not so tall that he cannot enter the doorway.
27. When
they heard the signal they sprang up.
28. As the
truth is known, further lying is useless.
29.
Wherever you go I shall follow you.
30. No
sooner did he see us than he disappeared.
31. As
soon as he beard the news he wrote to me.
32.
Because you have done this I shall punish you.
33. As he
was not there, I spoke to his brother.
34. They
went where living was cheaper.
35.
Wherever he preached the people gathered to listen.
36. She
stood as though turned to stone.
37. We
have come so that we may help you.
38. You
will pass if you work hard.
39. He
cannot see unless he wears glasses.
40. His
father still trusted him though he had deceived him.
41. He is
not so prudent as he ought to be.
42. It was
so dark that you could not see your hand.
43. When
the fraud was discovered, he was imprisoned after being tried.
44. He was
so indolent that he could not be successful.
45. An
honest boy speaks as he thinks.
46. Sit
down where you please.
47. The
larger the brain, the more vigorous the mind.
48. I
shall give you my horse if you give me your silver.
49. We
will do the work as well as we can.
50. Robinson
Crusoe was puzzled when he discovered the print of a foot on the sand.
51. Though
the sky falls, he will not be frightened.
52. Apollo
was worshipped as long as the Roman Empire lasted,
53.I will
buy it, cost what it may.
54. I am
surprised that you should believe such nonsense.
55.
Whatever you do, I will support.
Exercise
82.
Turn each
of the following Complex sentences into a Simple sentence:-
1. It is
terrible that people should die of starvation.
2. I was
unable to hear what you were saying.
3. We did
not go, as the weather was too stormy.
4.
It is doubtful whether he will succeed.
5. He
became so ill that he was unable to walk.
6. No one
is promoted to a higher class unless he is examined.
7. He ran
as fast as he could.
8. He said
that he would come to-morrow.
9. Tell me
where you live.
10. He
confessed that he was guilty.
11. It was
so dark that we lost our way.
12. Tell
me how old you are.
13. When
he will arrive is not yet known.
14. Grant
me what I ask.
15. We
hope that better times will come.
16. I
insist that you should not go.
17. I
shall remain where I am.
18. If you
turn to the right you will soon reach the temple.
19. He
gave a graphic account of how he escaped.
20. We
went half-an-hour earlier, so that we might get a good seat.
21. He
complained that he had been unjustly treated.
22. It is
certain that he will come.
23. The
Commissioner gave rewards to such men as deserve them.
24. I
asked him why he came.
25. A
child who has lost his parents is to be pitied.
26. They
left at six o'clock so that he might catch the early train.
27.
Suspicion always haunts the mind of a person who is guilty.
28. He
went to Ooty so that he might improve his health.
29. A book
in which were pictures of animals, was presented to him by his uncle.
30. When Caesar
saw Brutus among the assassins, he covered his face with his gown.
31. John
Bright once said that the safest place in England was a first-class carriage in
an express train.
32. The
question is so complicated that it cannot be settled immediately.
33. Had he
been absent, the motion would have been carried.
34. The
passage is so difficult that I cannot comprehend it.
35. We
must do the work as well as we can.
36.
Although they fought most valiantly, they were defeated.
37. If he
wins the battle he will be crowned.
38. I wish
to know the time when he died.
39. Those
soldiers who survived have received medals.
40. This
is a machine which is used for sewing.
41. He
seemed very anxious that we should come.
42. The
priests were satisfied when he offered the money.
43. You
must be hungry if you have not dined.
44. It is
time you went.
45. It is
lucky that he came just then.
46. It is
certain that he will help you.
47. You
must write to me as soon as you reach Mumbai.
48. He
gave away some books which belonged to his brother.
49. Can
you tell me the name of the person who wrote the book ?
50. It is
said that he died by his own hand.
51. While
my parents are absent I cannot come.
52. This
sum is so hard that I cannot do it.
53. As one
man fell another took his place.
54. Work
as hard as you can.
55. Drink
while you may.
56. Such a
man as he is should succeed.
57.
The police know this from information which has been received by
