SYNTHESIS OF SENTENCES (Contd.)

Combination of two or more Simple Sentences into a single Compound sentence

90. Simple sentences may be combined to form Compound sentences by the use of

Coordinative Conjunctions. These are of four kinds:- Cumulative, Adversative,

Alternative, and Illative.

A. 1. Night came on. The room grew dark.

Night came on and the room grew dark.

2. He is a fool. He is a knave.

He is a fool and a knave.

[Or] He is both a fool and a knave.

[Or] He is not only a fool but also a knave.

[Or] He is a fool as well as a knave.

3. The wind blew. The rain fell. The lightning flashed.

The wind blew, the rain fell, and the lightning flashed.

It will be noticed that the conjunction and simply adds one statement to another.

The conjunctions both -- and, not only -- but also, as well as are emphatic forms of and

and do the same work.

Conjunctions which merely add one statement to another are Cumulative.

B. 1. He is slow. He is sure.

He is slow but he is sure.

2. I was annoyed. I kept quiet.

I was annoyed, still (or yet) I kept quiet.

3. He failed. He persevered.

He failed, nevertheless he persevered.

4. I shall not oppose your design. I cannot approve of it.

I shall not oppose your design; I cannot, however, approve of it.

5. He was all right. He was fatigued.

He was all right; only he was fatigued.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions but, still, yet, nevertheless, however, express a

contrast between one sentence and the other. Some of these conjunctions (still, yet,

however, nevertheless) are more emphatic than but.

Conjunctions which express opposition or contrast between two statements are called

Adversastive.

C. 1. Make haste. You will be late.

Make haste or you will be late.

2. Come in. Go out.

Come in or go out.

[Or more emphatically]. Either come in or go out.

3. Do not be a borrower. Do not be a lender.

Do not be a borrower or a lender.

Or: Be neither a borrower nor a lender.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions or, either -- or, neither -- nor, express a choice

between two alternatives.

Conjunctions which express a choice between two alternatives are called Alternative.

D. 1. He was obstinate. He was punished.

He was obstinate; therefore he was punished.

2. I cannot see. It is very dark.

I cannot see, for it is very dark.

3. It is raining heavily. I will take an umbrella with me.

It is raining heavily, so I will take an umbrella with me.

It will be noticed that the conjunctions therefore, for, so, etc., join sentences in which one

statement is inferred from the other.

Conjunctions which express an inference are called Illative.

1. Abdul is ill. He cannot study. He still attends school

Abdul is ill and cannot study, yet he still attends school jh

2. He saw the boy in the street. He stopped to speak to him. He gave him a rupee.

Seeing the boy in the street, he stopped to speak to him and gave him a rupee.